nursing

Free Radiology Technician Course (1year Diploma Course)

Brief Job Description:- Radiology Technicians perform diagnostic imaging examinations such as X-rays, CT and MRI scans under the guidance of a Radiologist. Radiology Technicians are responsible for preparing patients and operating equipment for the test/tests, besides keeping patient records, adjusting equipment’s based on patient need and test recommended and maintaining equipment.

Personal Attributes:- Radiology Technicians must be able to interact with patient and their attendants and be a team players. They must also be polite and be able to calm and placate upset patients (and accompanying members). They should be able to work for long period of time in standing position and must be able direct, transfer, help patients reach the test location Radiology Technician Course

Processing radiographic images, Carrying out quality control tests on images obtained Rediology Technician Course:-

To be competent, the user/individual on the job must be able to:

PC1. Explain the principles ofradiographic imaging

PC2. Apply knowledge ofradiographic imaging to the production ofradiographs and the assessment of image quality

PC3. Understand the construction and operation of image processing equipment

PC4. Control andmanipulate parameters associated with exposure and processing to produce a required image of desirable quality

PC5. Perform X‐ray film /image processing techniques(including dark room techniques)

PC6. Explain and implement the fundamentals, concepts and applications of processing of imagesin digital form using computer based systems

PC7. Carry out quality control for automatic film processing, evaluate and act on

Taking the advice of a radiologist on the scans performed , Documenting diagnosis and comments of tTaking the advice of a radiologist on the scans performed , Documenting diagnosis and comments of the

Taking the advice of a radiologist on the scans performed ,Documenting diagnosis and comments of the radiologist in a report for the patient:- To be competent, the user/individual on the job must be able to:

PC1. Correctly identify anatomical features on the radiographs and identity some major pathological and traumatic conditions

PC2. Seek the advice ofthe Radiologist on conditionsidentified

PC3. Document the comments and diagnosis of the Radiologist in a report for the patient

PC4. Explain the diagnosis and comments and the report to the patient if required

Taking precautionary measures to avoid the reactions, Recognising the contrast induced reaction Rediology Technician Course:- To be competent, the user/individual on the job must:

PC1. Know the patient’s medical history

PC2. Select proper agent to be used PC3. Promptly recognize and assess the

PC4. Ensure immediate availability of necessary equipment and drugsin case of reaction

PC5. Know the correct medications and other treatment options

Free Radiology Technician Course (1year Diploma Course)

PC6. Know the different types of adverse reactions Rediology Technician Course.

PC7. Recognise the contraindications of allergic reactions

Communicating with individuals, patients, theirfamily and others about health issues:-

To be competent, the user/individual on the job must be able to:

PC1. Respond to queries and information needs of all individuals

PC2. Communicate effectively with all individualsregardless of age, caste, gender, community or other characteristics

PC3. Communicate with individuals at a pace and level fitting their understanding, without using terminology unfamiliarto them

PC4. Utilise all training and information at one’s disposal to provide relevant information to the individual

PC5. Confirm that the needs ofthe individual have been met

PC6. Adhere to guidelines provided by one’s organisation orregulatory body relating toconfidentiality

PC7. Respect the individual’s need for privacy PC8. Maintain any recordsrequired at the end of the interaction

Core Skills/ Generic Skills:- The user/individual on the job needsto know and understand how to:

SA1. Write short notesto co‐workers and clericalstaff to compile information about particular patients, describe unusual pathologies or ask for on‐site reference material

Free Radiology Technician Course (1year Diploma Course)

SA2. Write brief observations about pathologiesthat may affect diagnoses on patients’charts

SA3. Write detailed notes aboutscans done Rediology Technician Course.

SA4. Write descriptions of accidents and incidents on reporting forms when something unusual occurs during patient exams orscanning procedures

SA5. Write memosto advise, inform or directstaff working in other hospital or clinic departments or units

SA6. Complete patients’ medical history forms by entering the patients’ names, treatmentsreceived to date and current medical conditions

Important Job Skills for Radiologic Technologists

Reading Skills:- The user/individual on the job needsto know and understand how to:

SA7. Read scan instructionsin notes attached to patients’ files

SA8. Read communications aboutscheduling, training and updatesto internal proceduresfromco‐workers,supervisors or hospital administrators

SA9. Read protocol updates and hospital policy changes

SA10. Read and follow allspecified proceduresin the multi‐page treatment prescriptions prepared by referring physicians

SA11. Review protocolsforscanning and identifying non‐routine or atypical pathologiesinprocedure manuals

SA12. Read reports of varying lengths completed by physicians, hospital or clinic administratorsandsupervising technologists

SA13. Read user manualsfor varioustypes ofradiological equipment when troubleshooting faults with scanners orimaging computers

Oral Communication (Listening and Speaking skills) Rediology Technician Course:- The user/individual on the job needsto know and understand how to:

SA14. Speak to patientsto explain protocolsfor procedures or examinations, obtain information aboutthe patient’sstatus and discuss current diagnoses and treatmentoptions

SA15. Speak with reception and clericalstaff to determine and confirm the number of appointmentsforthe day, request patient information from files an loggings of appointmentsfor patientsrequiring additionaltesting ortreatment

SA16.Discussscheduling,treatmentroomassignments andworkload responsibilities with employees and co‐workers Rediology Technician Course.

SA17.Ordersuppliessuch as contrast media and radioactive pharmaceuticalsfrom suppliers and hospital dispensaries

SA18.Discuss proceduralsuggestions, equipmentmalfunctions and personnel problems with the seniortechnologists, unit or departmentsupervisors or administrative staff

SA19. Comfort patients who may be frightened or upset during scanning procedures

SA20. Discuss patients’status with nurses,social workers, dieticians or other members ofthe extended health care team

Professional Skills:- The user/individual on the job needsto know and understand how to:

SB1. Choose the correct film size for the sizes of the areasto be scanned

SB2. Decide on a course of action when physicians have requested types of radiographs orscansfor patients who cannot be positioned in a typical way

SB3. Decide which patients will be processed first when they receive multiple requisitions at the same time, or during emergencies

SB4. Decide if examinations can be completed under contraindicative or complicating circumstances

Plan and Organize:- The user/individual on the job needsto know and understand:

SB5. How to determine the order and priority of work taskssubject to confirmation or approval fromsupervisors

SB6. How to integrate work plans with those of the extended health care teams Rediology Technician Course.

SB7. How to schedule daily work priorities based on the demands of the clinic, laboratory or hospital SB8. How to schedule patient‐load based on emergency or appointment priority

Customer Centricity:- The user/individual on the job needsto know and understand how to:

SB9. Comfort patients who may be frightened or upset during scanning procedures

Free Radiology Technician Course (1year Diploma Course)

SB10. Liaise with members of the extended health care team to ensure the needs of the patient are taken care of

Problem Solving:- The user/individual on the job needsto know and understand how to:

SB11. Indicate importantscanning parameters on x‐rays orscanned images,such as appropriate spatial or directional indicators when these have been neglected earlierin the process

. Recommend alternate scan types/ positions and discuss these with the radiologist when the scan recommended by the physician is not possible or is difficult forthe patient

SB13. Re‐schedule appointments when patients arriving for exams are late or have not taken the necessary pre‐appointment measuressuch asfasting orrefraining from takinginterferingmedications

SB14. Troubleshootradiological equipment when aminorfault occurs

Analytical Thinking Radiology Technician Course:- The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to:

SB15. Analyse the prescription ofthe patient and decide on the best position to take the recommended scan

SB16. Analyse the scan imagesto determine quality and clarity

SB17. Analyse the inventory ofsuppliesto decide when to place an order toreplenishthese

CriticalThinking:- The user/individual on the job needsto know and understand how to:

SB18. Make preliminary judgements about the seriousness of patients’ injuries

SB19. Evaluate the quality ofradiographs, digital images and scans Rediology Technician Course.

Guidelines for Assessment:-

Criteria for assessment for each Qualification Pack will be created by the Sector Skill Council. Each Performance Criteria (PC) will be assigned marks proportional to its importance in NOS. SSC will also lay down proportion of marks for Theory and Skills Practical for each

PC 2. The assessment for the theory part will be based on knowledge bank of questions created by the

SSC 3. Individual assessment agencies will create unique question papers for theory part for each candidate at each examination/training center (as per assessment criteria below)

4. Individual assessment agencies will create unique evaluations for skill practical for every student at each examination/training center based on this criteria

5. To pass the Qualification Pack, every trainee should score as per assessment grid Rediology Technician Course.

6. In case of successfully passing only certain number of NOS’s, the trainee is eligible to take subsequent assessment on the balance NOS’s to pass the Qualification Pack

Follow radiological diagnostic needs of patients Rediology Technician Course:-

PC1. Explain the subdivisions of anatomy, terms of location and position, fundamental planes, vertebrate structure of man, organisation of the body cells and tissues

PC2. Explain the pathology of various systems: cardiovascular system, respiratory system, central nervous system, musculoskeletal system, GIT, GUT and reproductive system

PC3. Explain the pathology of radiation injury and malignancies

PC4. Understand specific requests of physicians with respect to the scans required

PC5. Take medical history of the patient and document it as required

PC6. Understand and interpret instructions and requirements documented by the physician in the patient’s prescription

PC7. Determine the radiological diagnostic tests required for the patient based on the physician’s prescription and the medical history

Radiologic Technologist: Expect the Unexpected | Monster.com

Prepare the patient and the room for the procedure:-

PC1. Prepare the room, apparatus and instruments for an x-ray, CT scan or MRI scan

PC2. Set up the X-ray machine, MRI machine or CT scan machine for the procedure

PC3. Position the patient correctly for an x-ray in the following positions:

a. Erect

b. Sitting

c. Supined

d. Prone

e. Lateral

f. Oblique

g. Decubitus

PC4. Explain relative positions of x-ray tube and patient and the relevant exposure factors related to these

PC5. Explain the use of accessories such as Radiographic cones, grid and positioning aids

PC6. Explain the anatomic and physiological basis of the procedure to be undertaken Rediology Technician Course.

PC7. Explain the radiographic appearances of both normal and common abnormal conditions where elementary knowledge of the pathology involved would ensure application of the appropriate radiographic technique

PC8. Position the patient correctly for a Computed Tomography scan

PC9. Position the patient correctly for an MRI scan

PC10. Apply modifications in positioning technique for various disabilities and types of subject

PC11. Explain the use of contrast materials for a CT scan and how to administer them under supervision of a radiologist

PC12. Explain the use of MRI Contrast agents and how to administer them under supervision of a radiologist

PC13. Manage a patient with contrast reaction

PC14. Explain the principles of radiation physics detection and measurement

PC15. Explain the biological effects of radiation

PC16. Explain the principles of radiation protection:

a. Maximum permissible exposure concept

b. Annual dose equivalent limits (ADEL) ALARA concept

c. International recommendations and current code of practice for the protection of persons

against ionising radiation from medical and dental use

PC17. Explain the use of protective materials:

a. Lead

b. Lead – impregnated substances

c. Building materials

d. Concept of barriers

e. Lead equivalents and variations
f. Design of x-ray tubes related to protection

. g. Structural shielding design (work-load, use factor, occupancy factor, distance Rediology Technician Course.

PC18. Explain the instruments of radiation protection, use of gonad shield and practical methods for reducing radiation dose to the patient

PC19. Ensure protection of self, patients, departmental staff and public from radiation through use of protection instruments and monitoring personnel and the work area

Operate and oversee operation of radiologic equipment:-

PC1. Describe the construction and operation of general radiographic equipment

PC2. Describe the construction and operation of advanced imaging equipment including CT and MRI

PC3. Reliably perform all non-contrast plain Radiography, conventional contrast studies and non-contrast plain radiography in special situations

PC4. Apply quality control procedures for all radiologic equipment

PC5. Control and manipulate parameters associated with exposure and processing to produce a required image of desirable quality

PC6. Practise the procedures employed in producing a radiographic image

PC7. Describe methods of measuring exposure and doses of radiographic beams

PC8. Help in administration of correct contrast dosage Rediology Technician Course.

PC9. Discuss and apply radiation protection principles and codes of practice

PC10. Demonstrate an understanding of processing of images in digital form and be familiar with recent advances in imaging

PC11. Set up the X-ray machine, MRI machine or CT scan machine for the procedure

PC12. Carry out routine procedures associated with maintenance of imaging and processing systems

PC13. Ensure protection of patients, departmental staff and public from radiation through use of protection instruments and monitoring personnel and the work area

Process radiographic images:-

PC1. Explain the principles of radiographic imaging

PC2. Apply knowledge of radiographic imaging to the production of radiographs and the assessment of image quality

PC3. Understand the construction and operation of image processing equipment

PC4. Control and manipulate parameters associated with exposure and processing to produce a required image of desirable quality

PC5. Perform X-ray film / image processing techniques (including dark room techniques)

PC6. Explain and implement the fundamentals, concepts and applications of processing of images in digital form using computer based systems

PC7. Carry out quality control for automatic film processing, evaluate and act on results

Prepare and document reports:-

PC1. Correctly identify anatomical features on the radiographs and identity some major pathological and traumatic conditions

PC2. Seek the advice of the Radiologist on conditions identified

PC3. Document the comments and diagnosis of the Radiologist in a report for the patient

Recognise contrast induced adverse reactions:-

PC1. Know the patient’s medical history

PC2. Select proper agent to be used

PC3. Promptly recognise and assess the reactions

PC4. Ensure immediate availability of necessary equipment and drugs in case of reaction

PC5. Know the correct medications and other treatment options

PC6. Know the different types of adverse reactions

PC7. Recognise the contraindications of allergic reaction

(infection control policies and procedures):-

PC1. Preform the standard precautions to prevent the spread of infection in accordance with organisation requirements

PC2. Preform the additional precautions when standard precautions alone may not be sufficient to prevent transmission of infection

PC3. Minimise contamination of materials, equipment and instruments by aerosols and splatter

PC4. Identify infection risks and implement an appropriate response within own role and responsibility

PC5. Document and report activities and tasks that put patients and/or other workers at risk

PC6. Respond appropriately to situations that pose an infection risk in accordance with the policies and procedures of the organization

PC7. Follow procedures for risk control and risk containment for specific risks

PC8. Follow protocols for care following exposure to blood or other body fluids as required

PC9. Place appropriate signs when and where appropriate

PC10. Remove spills in accordance with the policies and procedures of the organization

PC11. Maintain hand hygiene by washing hands before and after patient contact and/or after any activity likely to cause contamination

PC12. Follow hand washing procedures

PC13. Implement hand care procedures

PC14. Cover cuts and abrasions with water-proof dressings and change as necessary

PC15. Wear personal protective clothing and equipment that complies with Indian Standards, and is appropriate for the intended use

PC16. Change protective clothing and gowns/aprons daily, more frequently if soiled and where appropriate, after each patient contact

PC17. Demarcate and maintain clean and contaminated zones in all aspects of health care work

PC18. Confine records, materials and medicaments to a well-designated clean zone

PC19. Confine contaminated instruments and equipment to a well-designated contaminated zone

PC20. Wear appropriate personal protective clothing and equipment in accordance with occupational health and safety policies and procedures when handling waste

PC21. Separate waste at the point where it has been generated and dispose of into waste containers that are colour coded and identified

PC22. Store clinical or related waste in an area that is accessible only to authorised persons

PC23. Handle, package, label, store, transport and dispose of waste appropriately to minimise potential for contact with the waste and to reduce the risk to the environment from accidental release

PC24. Dispose of waste safely in accordance with policies and procedures of the organisation and legislative requirements

PC25. Wear personal protective clothing and equipment during cleaning procedures

PC26. Remove all dust, dirt and physical debris from work surfaces

PC28. Decontaminate equipment requiring special processing in accordance with quality management systems to ensure full compliance with cleaning, disinfection and sterilisation protocols

PC29. Dry all work surfaces before and after use

PC30. Replace surface covers where applicable

PC31. Maintain and store cleaning equipment

(within the limits of one’s competence andauthority):-

PC1. Adhere to legislation, protocols and guidelines relevant to one’s role and field of practice

PC2. Work within organisational systems and requirements as appropriate to one’s role

PC3. Recognise the boundary of one’s role and responsibility and seek supervision when situations are beyond one’s competence and authority

PC4. Maintain competence within one’s role and field of practice

PC5. Use relevant research based protocols and guidelines as evidence to inform one’s practice

PC6. Promote and demonstrate good practice as an individual and as a team member at all times

PC7. Identify and manage potential and actual risks to the quality and safety of practice

PC8. Evaluate and reflect on the quality of one’s work and make continuing improvements

(Ensure availability of medical and diagnostic supplies):-

PC1. Maintain adequate supplies of medical and diagnostic supplies

PC2. Arrive at actual demand as accurately as possible

PC3. Anticipate future demand based on internal, external and other contributing factors as accurately as possible

PC4. Handle situations of stock-outs or unavailability of stocks without compromising health needs of patients/ individuals

(Collate and Communicate Health Information):-

PC1. Respond to queries and information needs of all individuals

PC2. Communicate effectively with all individuals regardless of age, caste, gender, community or other characteristics

PC3. Communicate with individuals at a pace and level fitting their understanding, without using terminology unfamiliar to them

PC4. Utilise all training and information at one’s disposal to provide relevant information to the individual

PC5. Confirm that the needs of the individual have been met

PC6. Adhere to guidelines provided by one’s organisation or regulatory body relating to confidentiality

PC7. Respect the individual’s need for privacy

PC8. Maintain any records required at the end of the interaction

(biomedical waste disposal protocols):-

PC1. Follow the appropriate procedures, policies and protocols for the method of collection and containment level according to the waste type

PC2. Apply appropriate health and safety measures and standard precautions for infection prevention and control and personal protective equipment relevant to the type and category of waste

PC3. Segregate the waste material from work areas in line with current legislation and organisational requirements

PC4. Segregation should happen at source with proper containment, by using different colour coded bins for different categories of waste

PC5. Check the accuracy of the labelling that identifies the type and content of waste

PC6. Confirm suitability of containers for any required course of action appropriate to the type of waste disposal

PC7. Check the waste has undergone the required processes to make it safe for transport and disposal

PC8. Transport the waste to the disposal site, taking into consideration its associated risks

PC9. Report and deal with spillages and contamination in accordance with current legislation and procedures

PC10. Maintain full, accurate and legible records of information and store in correct location in line with current legislation, guidelines, local policies and protocols

Monitor and assure quality:-

PC1. Conduct appropriate research and analysis

PC2. Evaluate potential solutions thoroughly

PC3. Participate in education programs which include current techniques, technology and trends pertaining to the dental industry

PC4. Read Dental hygiene, dental and medical publications related to quality consistently and thoroughly

PC5. Report any identified breaches in health, safety, and security procedures to the designated person

PC6. Identify and correct any hazards that he/she can deal with safely, competently and within the limits of his/her authority

PC7. Promptly and accurately report any hazards that he/she is not allowed to deal with to the relevant person and warn other people who may be affected

PC8. Follow the organisation’s emergency procedures promptly, calmly, and efficiently

PC9. Identify and recommend opportunities for improving health, safety, and security to the designated person

PC10. Complete any health and safety records legibly and accurately

radiological diagnostic needs of patients:-

PC1. Explain the subdivisions of anatomy, terms of location and position,fundamental planes, vertebrate structure of man, organisation of the body cells and tissues

PC2. Explain the pathology of various systems: cardiovascular system, respiratory system, central nervous system, musculoskeletal system, GIT, GUT and reproductive system

PC3. Explain the pathology of radiation injury and malignancies

PC4. Understand specific requests of physicians with respect to the scans required

PC5. Take medical history of the patient and document it as required

PC6. Understand and interpret instructions and requirements documented by the physician in the patient’s prescription

PC7. Determine the radiological diagnostic tests required for the patient based on the physician’s prescription and the medical history

Prepare the patient and the room for the procedure:-

PC1. Prepare the room, apparatus and instruments for an x-ray, CT scan or MRI scan

PC2. Set up the X-ray machine, MRI machine or CT scan machine for the procedure

PC3. Position the patient correctly for an x-ray in the following positions:

a. Erect

b. Sitting

c. Supine

d. Prone

e. Lateral

f. Oblique

g. Decubitus

PC4. Explain relative positions of x-ray tube and patient and the relevant exposure factors related to these

PC5. Explain the use of accessories such as Radiographic cones, grid and positioning aids

PC6. Explain the anatomic and physiological basis of the procedure to be undertaken

PC8. Position the patient correctly for a Computed Tomography scan

PC9. Position the patient correctly for an MRI scan

PC10. Apply modifications in positioning technique for various disabilities and types of subject

PC11. Explain the use of contrast materials for a CT scan and how to administer them under supervision of a radiologist

PC12. Explain the use of MRI Contrast agents and how to administer them under supervision of a radiologist

PC13. Manage a patient with contrast reaction

PC14. Explain the principles of radiation physics detection and measurement

PC15. Explain the biological effects of radiation

PC16. Explain the principles of radiation protection:

a. Maximum permissible exposure concept

b. Annual dose equivalent limits (ADEL) ALARA concept

c. International recommendations and current code of practice for the protection of persons against ionising radiation from medical and dental use

PC17. Explain the use of protective materials:

a. Lead

b. Lead – impregnated substances

c. Building materials

d. Concept of barriers

e. Lead equivalents and variations

f. Design of x-ray tubes related to protection.

g. Structural shielding design (work-load, use factor, occupancy factor, distance

PC18. Explain the instruments of radiation protection, use of gonad shield and practical methods for reducing radiation dose to the patient

PC19. Ensure protection of self, patients, departmental staff and public from radiation through use of protection instruments and monitoring personnel and the work area

Operate and oversee operation of radiologic equipment:-

PC1. Describe the construction and operation of general radiographic equipment

PC2. Describe the construction and operation of advanced imaging equipment including CT and MRI

PC3. Reliably perform all non-contrast plain Radiography, conventional contrast studies and non-contrast plain radiography in special situations

PC4. Apply quality control procedures for all radiologic equipment

PC5. Control and manipulate parameters associated with exposure and processing to produce a required image of desirable quality

PC6. Practise the procedures employed in producing a radiographic image

PC7. Describe methods of measuring exposure and doses of radiographic beams

PC8. Help in administration of correct contrast dosage

PC9. Discuss and apply radiation protection principles and codes of practice

PC10. Demonstrate an understanding of processing of images in digital form and be familiar with recent advances in imaging

PC11. Set up the X-ray machine, MRI machine or CT scan machine for the procedure

PC12. Carry out routine procedures associated with maintenance of imaging and processing systems

PC13. Ensure protection of patients, departmental staff and public from radiation through use of protection instruments and monitoring personnel and the work area

Process radiographic images:-

PC1. Explain the principles of radiographic imaging

PC2. Apply knowledge of radiographic imaging to the production of radiographs and the assessment of image quality

PC3. Understand the construction and operation of image processing equipment

PC4. Control and manipulate parameters associated with exposure and processing to produce a required image of desirable quality

PC5. Perform X-ray film / image processing techniques (including dark roomtechniques)