Types of Fabric Defects

Types of Fabric Defects

Unit Objectives

At the end of this unit, you will be able to:

 Understand different types of defects

 Find and rectify the defects

Identify different types of faults

Categories of Defects

Defects are categorised under three main areas

Critical defect: A defect which makes the garment unsafe for individual consumption or it contravenes any mandatory regulations

Major defect: An obvious defect in the appearance which reduces the usability and sale ability of the garment

Minor defect: A defect which is caused by a workmanship error beyond the quality standards but does not reduce the sale or consumption of the product

Fabric Defects	Major	Minor
Different Weight /handle of fabric than approved  sample	HOLD
Different Weight /handle of fabric than approved  sample	M
Drill hole showing	M
Fabric faults not evident on sample (eg: cuts,holes, tears, thinSpots,runs,mispicks slubs,snags, nepping,Weaving faults)	M	m
Hole created in fabric when ticketing	M
Pattern, stripes, checks do not match as specified	M	m
Permanent creases on fabrics, streaks, parre	M	m
Bowing or skewing on plain fabrics more than 2.5 cm per garment width or length	M
Bowing or skewing on plain fabrics up to 2.5 cm per garment width or length		m
Nap or pile deformation	M

Shading Defects	Major	Minor
Shade variations between panels	M	m
Shade variations of garment fabric and trims within the garment	M
Shade variations of garment fabric and trims within the garment	HOLD
Dye streaks & barre marks at critical zone	M
Different batches within the order	Comm’t
Cleanliness	Major	Minor
Spots. Stain and soil marks	M
Threads ends untrimmed	M
Excessive fly or contamination on garment	M
Component Parts and assembly	Major	Minor
Missing parts	M
Missing operation	M
Operations not done per approved sample and specification	M

Misalignment of parts, pockets, flaps,trims more than 7 mm	M
Inconsistent nap directions if specified	M
Seams  and Stitching	Major
Open seam	M
Skipped chain stitch	M
Incomplete seams (two or more stitches)	M
Double stitching gap 5 mm or more	M
Needle holes		m
Needle damage	M
Garment parts caught in unrelated seam distorting fit appearance	M
Improper stitch tension that affects appearance	M
Raw edges (other than specified) out side	M
Edge stitching irregular affecting appearance	M
Untidy mending	M
Piecing or joining of binding on critical zone of garments	M

Monofilament yarns being used as a sewing thread in any stitching  / including label stitching	M
Seam twisted , puckered or pleated affecting appearance	M

Pressing	Major	Minor
Burned or scorched	M
Over pressed to leave seam impression	M
Stretched or distorted during pressing	M
Excessive wrinkles that require pressing		m
Sericus shine caused by improper  pressing	M
Pressed poorly or not pressed at all	M
Over Pressed on improperly finished to deform shapes, designs	M
Label, Hangtags and Embroidery	Major	Minor
Missing or wrong tags , hangtags, price tags etc.	M
Missing care, content and country or origin and main label	M
Hangtags insecurely attached or misplaced	M	m
Wrong main label	M
Label sewn with monofilament yarn	M
Label sewing thread does not match colour of the garment	M
Label sewing seam jneven , puckered and 5 mm away from Label edge		m
Harsh and stiff label compared to approved label (Children wear)	M
Harsh and stiff label compared to approved label (adult wear)		m

Label omitted or insecurely attached	M
	M
Fibre label  does not meet labelling  legal requirement	M
Pockets	Major	Minor
Not in specified location more than 7 mm	M
Shaped poorly	M
Sewn  crooked	M
Not of specified size and shape	M
Edge stitching  not uniform		m
Flaps not properly placed	M
Puckers at flat joints	M
	M
Collars and Cuffs	Major	Minor
Fullness or puckers at collar attachment	M
Collar points not uniform and balanced	M
Serious puckers at collar attachment	M
Misaligned or crooked collar settings more than 2 mm	M
Misaligned or crooked collar setting less  than 2 mm		m
Puckered  or crooked top stitching	M

Closure	Major	Minor
Buttons missing or damaged	M
Buttons  misplaced or misaligned causing poor appearance	M
Buttons not sewn securely	M
Buttons  not in specified. Type or colour	M
Buttons holes omitted or added	M
Buttons  holes uncut	M
Buttons  holes not sewn securely (easily unravels)	M
Defective snaps or fasteners that do not function	M
Misalignments of fasteners causing bad appearance	M
Snaps or grommets that are not properly set	M
Snaps that do not fasten properly or release very easily	M
Improper sippers setting causing wavy and bumpy appearance	M
Wrong size , type or colour zippers	M
Defective zipper sides	M
Defective zipper stops on open front jackets	M
Tight clearance between slides and seam edge causing difficult slider operation	M
Rivets not properly and securely set	M
Rivets with rough edges	M

Finishing and Hand-feel	Major	Minor
Permanent Wrinkles or deformation on the garment	M
Folding and Packaging	Major	Minor
Not as specified per product  specification	M
Measurements	Major	Minor
Any measurements beyond specified tolerance	M
Design and colour way	Major	Minor
Not according to approved sample or specification	HOLD
Weight	Major	Minor
Beyond specified tolerance	M
Less than specified tolerance	HOLD
Gauge	Major	Minor
Knitted on different gauge machine	M

Shipping Carton Mark	Major	Minor
Wrong or incomplete shipping carton markings	HOLD

S NO	Critical Defects
1	Loose components:Trims and fasteners those are used in the garment but not secure properly. For example , buttons, snaps, stones etc
2	Sharp edges: During the processing of the garment it come in contact with various sharp metals such as needles, staples, Broken needles, damaged and broken snap buttons, rivets, wire and pins.
3	Drawstrings at head or neck for baby or kinds products. Draw string must be avoided in kids clothes.
4	Thread or trims which are extensively long or loose

Factors to be Considered 

Factors to be considered for classification of defects