Sketches in Fashion
What is Free Hand Sketching?
Free Hand Sketching is used to transfer the idea of an engineer’s abstract world to the real world in 2D and 3D.
It is used for daily communication in the engineering world as drawing is the international language of engineering.
Free hand drawing is also used to quickly present an idea in a graphical form to non-technical peoples.
It improves the communication between all the members of a team and also between the customer.
Free Hand Sketching is such a drawing which is drawn without measuring instruments.
This drawing is drawn with the help of pencil and eraser only.
Such drawing is drawn before every type of actual drawing because it takes less time.
After doing such drawing, it is pondered over, and necessary alterations are made in it if needed.
Then the actual drawing is prepared.
Free-Hand Sketching Instruments.
Following instruments are needed for the drawing of free hand sketching.
1. Soft Lead Pencil.
2. Eraser.
3. Sharpener.
4. Drawing Sheet.
5. Graph Sheet.
Importance of Free Hand Sketching.
Free hand drawing has much importance in practical works because a draftsman has to check the drawings of every object from the engineer.
At the checking of complete drawing, much time is wasted on the alterations, if needed.
Since less time is needed for free hand drawing, therefore, initially such drawing should be depended upon.
Principles of Free Hand Sketching.
Following principles should be followed for free hand sketching:
1. The object should be seen thoroughly and pondered over its objectives and concepts.
2. More detailed aspect is considered for selection of a view.
3. Space is specified on a drawing sheet according to the sizes of views.
4. Firstly, the dim lines are drawn so that extra lines may be erased easily.
5. Scale and ruler are not used in drawing, although, ratio and proportion of different parts of an object are considered.
6. Firstly, horizontal lines are drawn then vertical lines are drawn, and arcs and circles are drawn lastly.
7. After completing the diagram, a clear scale is written in some suitable manner.
Sketching of Lines in Free Hand Drawing.
1. Sketching of Straight Lines.
The line is the most important part of free hand drawing as sketching is done by different lines.
Straight lines can be divided into different lines such as oblique, horizontal, and vertical lines.
Drawing straight lines for the first time is a difficult task. Mostly result in curved and arcs.
This happens due to the forearm when remaining in the fixed position.
So, when drawing the straight lines, moving your forearm is important. Basically, when drawing horizontal straight lines.
The distance between your hand and pencil tip should be 40 mm minimum, and your hand should rest on the edge of the paper.
Straight lines are drawn with the thumb and index fingers.
The most important part of sketching straight lines is that your movement should be in a controlled manner.
You can also draw oblique lines by just changing the position of your arm.
The easiest way to draw long straight lines is by sketching short lines and then connecting it with one another.
By doing this, there will be little to no chances of errors.
(i). Sketching of Vertical Lines.
A vertical line is drawn from the top to the bottom of the drawing sheet.
It takes a lot of practice to draw vertical lines.
However, you can draw vertical lines using the edge of a paper as a guide and your hand as a scale. (as shown in below figure).
(ii). Sketching of Horizontal Lines.
When sketching horizontal lines, your hand and forearm should turn at the elbow, and the edge of your hand should slide horizontally on the paper.
When drawing a horizontal line, you should first try drawing a line in the air to see how the line goes.
Then apply a little pressure on the pencil tip and draw a horizontal line lightly.
(iii). Sketching of Oblique Lines.
The oblique lines are drawn from one corner of the page to the other diagonally.
Usually, the right-handed people draw sloping or oblique lines from the bottom left to the top right of the paper.
However, the sketching can be made much easier by just rotating the paper into a position where you are going to draw an oblique line.
2. Sketching of Rectangles.
A rectangle is a common shape in technical drawings. To draw rectangles via free hand sketching different techniques are used.
They can be drawn in several ways, but the easiest way to draw a rectangle is by drawing vertical or horizontal lines and rotating the paper at 90 degrees angle.
3. Sketching of Curved Lines.
Curved lines in the drawing can be arcs, circles, etc.
To draw a circle, first of all, you should draw a centerline and mark it with radii.
Shape the radii points into a box, inside in which you can draw a circle.
First of all, sketch the top-left part of the circle (rotate the pencil in an anti-clockwise direction) then draw the bottom-right part of the circle (rotate the pencil in a clockwise direction).
pattern grading
Once your base size pattern is created, fit is adjusted and perfected, what’s next? You’ll use what’s called pattern grading to adjust your base size pattern to create other sizes. There are different methods to grade patterns, but the end result is that you have a consistent visual across sizes. In the end, you’ll end up with measurements for each size in your range.
What is pattern grading
Pattern grading is the process of turning a sample size (sometimes referred as base size) into an additional smaller or larger sizes. Pattern grading is done using a size specification sheet. Grading does not create a new shape, it increases or decreases the size of the original shape of the garment.
Image source
History of pattern grading
The main purpose of pattern grading is to proportionally increase or decrease the size of a pattern, whilst also maintaining the same fit and shape of a garment.
Historically, because of mass production, and with the advent of commercial patterns, the science of grading was developed in the 19th century. A pattern needed to be graded to a range of sizes to properly fit on different body types. Nowadays, clothing manufacturers and pattern makers use a middle-sized pattern (typically size S or M) as a base and grade it up or down for larger and smaller sizes.
Methods of grading
There are 3 basic methods of pattern grading:
Cut and spread
This is considered the easiest method. It is performed by cutting the pattern and spreading the pieces by a certain amount, to grade up or down. The only tools needed are a pencil, ruler, scissors and measuring tape.
Cut and spread grading method
Pattern shifting
This method is done by moving the pattern around at a constant distance. The designer redraws the outline in order to produce the same results as the previous cut and spread method.
Shifting grading method
Computer grading
Has developed with the advance of new technologies. It is considered the fastest method. It basically uses the same process as the ‘cut and spread’ and ‘pattern shifting’ methods and digitizes them.
Computer grading method
Difference between grading a pattern and altering a pattern
Grading a pattern and altering a pattern are two very different and separate processes. When you grade a pattern every measurement point is changed based on a strict formula. Garment maintains the same fit and proportion in each new size. Basically, you are creating the same style in another size.
Pattern altering process When altering a pattern, only some parts of the pattern are changed. The same fit and proportions are not maintained, a new size is created for a specific custom size. For example, the shoulder width stays the same, but the bust circumference is adjusted to a bigger size.
What are grade rules and grade rule libraries
The grading rule determines how much each POM (point of measurement) is made larger or smaller in order to fit a wide range of sizes. The main purpose of it is to ensure good fit and overall balance of shape in a manufactured garment.
For example, the grade rule will determine how much the chest measurement will decrease or increase in size. In a standard size range this POM ‘grades’ 1-2 inches between sizes. If your sample size is M and you are making a size L, you’d
